Land Surveying: This type of surveying involves measuring and mapping the Earth’s surface to determine land boundaries, topography, and the location of physical features. Land surveyors play a vital role in property development, construction, and land-use planning.

Construction Surveying: Surveyors in construction ensure that buildings, roads, bridges, and other structures are built according to design specifications. They set out reference points, provide elevation data, and monitor construction progress.

Total Stations: These electronic devices combine the functionality of theodolites and distance meters, allowing surveyors to measure angles and distances with high precision.

Global Positioning System (GPS): GPS technology has revolutionized surveying by providing accurate positioning information using satellite signals. It is particularly useful in geodetic surveys and mapping large areas.

Laser Scanners: These devices use laser beams to create detailed, three-dimensional representations of objects or terrain. They are valuable for capturing complex topography and as-built conditions.

Surveyors collect data through direct measurements on the field or by using remote sensing technologies. This data is then processed and analyzed to create maps, charts, and reports.